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Lucent GK Very Imp Qus for RRB NTPC UPTET UPP Part 4
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Lucent GK Very Imp Qus for RRB NTPC UPTET UPP Part 5
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Indian history
History notes for ssc cgl
Aarti Rana
Sports of Ancient India
Sports in Ancient IndiaThough not much has been written on sports in ancient India, there is enough evidence to infer that sports and games were an essential part of the culture. A L Basham, in his book the wonder that was India, states that both polo and hockey, in some form, were played in ancient India.Boxing and wrestling were also popular, though they were not general hobbies of respectable young men “but the preserve of low professional pugilists, who performed for the amusement of the audience.”Archery, however, was a much – loved sport of the warrior class, and vivid descriptions of such contests occur in the epics.In classical sources, there is a reference to gladiatorial contests at the court of Chandragupta Maurya (321 BC-297 BC) and later in the medieval deccan, when dueling became frequent. Fern Nuniz, the Portuguese traveler in the mid-fourteenth century, mentions in his writings that when to nobles of Vijayanagara quarreled, they would fight to the death in the presence of the king and his court. Despite the doctrine of non-violence, animal fights remained a popular sport. Indian quail, cocks and rams were the animals commonly used for the fights.There are also references to fights between buffaloes and elephants.Another form of animal contests, which was confined to south India was the bull fight. Unlike the Spanish bullfight, were the scales are heavily weighed against the bull, here the bull appears to have the advantage. The fights were popular among herdsmen who entered the arena unarmed, and embraced the bull in an attempt to master it, rather like the cowpunchers of an American rodeo. The bull fight was looked on as an ordeal to test the manhood of young men, since it is stated that the girls who watched the performance would choose their husbands from amongst the successful competitors.The game of chess (Shatranj) probably also evolved in this period. Basham states that certain board games were played with the help of dice. With time, one such game developed into a complex game “ with a king piece, and pieces of four other types, corresponding to the corps of the ancient Indian army – an elephant, a horse, a chariot or ship and four foot men”. As the game was played with pieces representing military forces and its strategy suggested that of campaigning armies, it was known as Chaturanga or four corps. In the 6th century, the Persians learnt the game, and when Persia was conquered by the Arabs it quickly spread all over the middle east, under the name of Shatranj.However, the most famous sport in ancient India was gambling. The plot of the epic Mahabharata revolves around a gambling tournament of chausar (a game of dice), at which Yudhisthira loses his kingdom to his cousin Dhuryodhana.
Patri Divya Chandana
Bengali story
Bengali story
Soham Sengupta
Oil Lamp
Some believe that the first proper lamps were carved from stones. Curved stone lamps were found in places dated to the 10th millennium BC. (Mesolithic, Middle Stone Age Period, circa 10,300 - 8000 BC) The oldest stone-oil lamp was found in Lascaux in 1940 in a cave that was inhabited 10,000 to 15,000 years ago.
Arun Thomas
History of Maps
A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes. Many maps are static, fixed to paper or some other durable medium, while others are dynamic or interactive.
Chainmail
Chainmail (or mail or maille) refers to armor that made from metal rings that are joined together in a pattern to form a protective mesh. Historically this kind of armor was used to protect soldiers on the battlefield from slashing and stabbing injuries.
Method of Costing
METHOD OF COSTING MEANING: There are various method or type of costing , but the basic principal underlying all these methods or type are the same .The basic principal are to collect and analyse the expenditure according to elements of cost and to determine the cost for each cost center or cost unit . The nature of the manufacturing operation carried out of the nature of the services rendered by a concern decides the method applicable to it . Broadly speaking , there are three main method of costing ---1. job costing , process costing , and farm costing , the other are either variants of these three method or are techniques use for a particular purpose under particular condition . METHOD OF COSTING 1. JOB COSTING 2. PROCESS COSTING 3. FARM COSTING 1. JOB COSTING : Under this method , the cost unit is taken to be a job ,small or big , comparison of a definite quantity of a product manufactured . So , the approach is product approach . Job costing system is used where it is desired to ascertain the cost of a job or a specific order or of a batch of finished goods and also profit or loss each such job . Thus , painters , publisher , machine tool manufacturers , caterers , job foundries , builders etc . use job costing system . 2. PROCESS COSTING : Process represents type of costing for continuous and mass production industry . In such industry output consists of like unit each unit being process in same manner . Therefore it is assumed that all same amount of material , labour and overhead is chargable to each unit processed . cost are assumulated on the process basic records of unit product are variable . 3. FARM COSTING : The agriculture farms are quite different from the manufacturing industry in many respect . Manufacturing industry used standard plants which gives standard output .Plant of a farm is highly influenced by climate , rainfall , nature of manuring , nature of labour used at different stages from showing to harvesting , nature of seeds used etc . Manufacturing product are not influenced by these factors . Another peculiarity of a farm is that output of a period in part at least , is used as the input of the period following . paddy potato ,onion etc . produced in one year are preserved for using them as seeds in the next year.
Mousumi Manna
History Of Computer Science
A quick and comprehensive summary on the history of computer science. Author(s): Dodig-Crnkovic G. Year: 2001
Yimpangakum Imsong
History Of Modern Computing
This book is about the history and analogy of computer and its impact on society. Author(s): Paul E. Ceruzzi Series: History of Computing Year: 2003
A short history of chinese philosophy
This book depicts the history of chinese philosophers and their development over time. Author(s): Fung Yu-lan, Derek Bodde Publisher: The Free Press, Year: 1948